作者：王逸勐
单位：北京林业大学理学院，北京 100083
中图分类号：TP212.9             
文献标识码：A              
文章编号：1006-883X(2020)07-0031-06
收稿日期：2020-05-08

摘要：微纳米级精密定位技术在前沿科学研究和尖端工业生产中得到越来越广泛的应用，其中具有高分辨率的微位移技术是微纳操作的关键。不同于传统的齿轮传动或螺距调节，本文利用压电陶瓷优异的压电特性，结合仿生学原理模拟鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）幼虫的爬行方式，制作出一款简易的微位移精密定位装置，在单片机的控制下选择微位移方向并指定移动步数，实现二维平面微纳米级定位。经测试装置的平均位移量是微纳米级别，且与电压值呈良好的线性关系。整套装置成本较低，有一定的创新性，对于学习压电陶瓷和单片机的相关知识及应用具有指导意义。
关键词：压电陶瓷；微位移；定位；仿生；单片机

Making Precision Positioning Device by Piezoelectric Ceramics
WANG Yi-meng
College of Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Abstract: Micro-nano precision positioning technology has been applied to the frontier scientific research and advanced industrial production more and more widely, among which high resolution micro-displacement technology is the key to micro-nano operation. Unlike traditional gear drive or pitch adjustment, this paper makes use of the excellent piezoelectric characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics and simulates the crawling mode of Lepidoptera larvae with biomimetic principles to make a simple micro-displacement and precision positioning device. Under the control of single chip microcontroller, selecting the direction of micro-displacement and specifying the number of moving steps can achieve two-dimensional planar micro-nano positioning. After testing, the average displacement of this device is micro-nano level, and has a good linear relationship with the voltage value. The whole device has low cost and certain innovation, which is of guiding significance for learning the related knowledge and application of piezoelectric ceramics and single chip microcontroller.
Key words: piezoelectric ceramics; micro-displacement; positioning; bionics; single chip microcomputer

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备注：2020年 第26卷 第07期